EKLA ladies bike sandcast lugs 1940
EKLA, left a cast, right a pressed seatcluster.
Carlton 1953 International
A cross-over between lugless and lugged frames is the "partial bi-laminate".
A sleeve is brazed over both sides of the long tubes.
After that, the frame is built the same way as any lugless frame.
Using 31x1mm pieces as sleeves and 28,6x0,8mm CrMo as tubes, you can built nice touring bikes.
(pics via Classic Lightweight UK)
Prugnat S4 (end seventies)
Capella lugs (Carlton)
Oscar Egg lugs (fifties)
The Crespera lugs on the left were very popular o.a. Carlton and Gazelle
European lugs 1989
There was an EU effort to combine the lugs industry interest end eighties; Vagner and Prugnat had merged already, but steel frames bike production declined any way.....
